I know datagrams from upper layers are converted to those of lower layers by adding metadata, but I cannot seem to find this information anywhere. Which one of the below is correct?

A single TCP segment is always converted …

I bought a new Android tablet and booted it for the first time. The WiFi was enabled by default, so it must have scanned for any SSID/AP/router in the area. Say a sophisticated virus has infected all computers and phones on m…

Given

Router: Mikrotik HAP ac^2

Software: RouterOS 6.46 (latest stable for the moment)

Problem

I have set up an IPsec connection as described here IKEv2 EAP Ipsec. The router fails to connect to a server with this ipsec,e…

I have VMs connected to a single NIC port,
and that physical port is connected to a physical switch port.

+————-+
| Server |
|+—-+ +—-+|
||VM_A| |VM_B||
|+–+-+ +-+–+|
| +–+–+ | <- Here is a virtu…

For some reason I need to join two separate vlans in some situations.
The configuration than I’m trying is

Ports 1 to 9 -> VLan 1(untagged)
Ports 10 to 19 -> VLan 2(untagged)
Ports 20 to 30 -> VLan 101(untagged)
…

As my freshman project, I have a system in which i’m using a network switch. The switch is connected to an IP camera, and Arduino ethernet shield via CAT6 cables.

Now, i have a PC connected to the same switch. (This connecti…

I am interested in comparing TCP/IP network congestion under two scenarios:

Scenario 1: A large number of senders send messages to a group of receivers

Scenario 2: Same as above except that the messages are batched into blo…

I am new to TACACS so please bear me with my novice level questions 🙂

I have configured TACACS+ on Ubuntu. now I can login to switch with users defined in TACACS+ server. I have created two users, one for support, one for a…

I’m writing an OpenVPN client that does not use tun device. I send the packets directly through the library. For testing, I’m using libtins to craft the IP packets by hand.

I did like this:

Tins::IP pkt = Tins::IP(“10.139….