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System Analysis and Design

Chapter 6: Object Modeling

As a procedural way of developing a project using the SDLC, Object modeling comes as a routine practice. The activity is applicable and relevant to the creation of the logical design models that are essential in the prototype designing.

Object oriented analysis

Systems are developed using the adaptive techniques whereby the Object oriented analysis system development technique is amongst the methods. The object oriented analysis is concentrated at the objects which define the information system components. In this case the object refers to a component such as a person, event or an activity whoever. The technique brings about the taking of a whole system as being formed from objects that have defined functions and that they have the interaction to result in the object model. The object model refers to the information system under development or study.

Object Oriented Concepts

There are some common concepts appreciated within the object oriented approach of development. An object refers to a component, transaction that is defined with some attributes which are regarded as the characteristics of the objects. The attributes displays the business requirements that the information system under development will have to achieve. They describe the relationships that exist between the objects and classes of the information system. An object also contains the methods which outline the functions and particular tasks that objects do perform upon the induction. These methods develop and describe the way in which a given function is achieved. Therefore, they provide the answers to the question of what the object does and how the object delivers the service/ undertakes a task. For the object to undertake the tasks as outlined by the methods there must exist some communication which is outlined as a message. A message therefore explains the command that will initiate an object to perform a given task. Substantially, a class defines the group of the objects that are similar. An instance is regarded as the special member of a given class. It can be deduced that all objects belonging to a given class have the commonality of sharing the attributes and methods/ procedures. The classes can further be classified into subclasses that will bring the introduction of the super class.

Inheritance has been a principle that has made object-oriented analysis technique preferred in information system development. The relationship between the objects provides a way for objects to have the communication and interaction to perform the defined functions. Relationships bring about an understanding of the object about each other and learn on how to respond to changes. Inheritance on the other side provides a way of an object (child) derives attributes from the superclass (parent).

The Unified Modeling Language (UML)

UML is a method that has been influential in the overall visualization, modeling, and documentation of an information system. The technique uses a set of defined symbols to have the graphical representation of the various components and existing relationships within an information system (Favre, 2003). The Unified Modeling Language (UML) technique is highly applicable in supporting the object-oriented system analysis and the development of object models despite its use in business process modeling and the business requirement modeling. The object-oriented diagrams and models associated with the Unified Modeling Language (UML) technique include the use case modeling, use case diagrams, class diagrams, sequence diagrams, state transition diagrams and activity diagrams. The development of the diagrams is dependent on the CASE tools that speed up the process of modeling. Subsequently, the CASE tools always ensure consistency in the modeling and generate the reusable common links.

Chapter 7: Development strategies

As a final understanding of the activities under the system analysis step in the SDLC, there is the outlining of the strategies of developing an information system. The idea behind system analysis is to develop an information system logical model that is applied in the development of the systems. Therefore, the specification of the chapter includes the understanding of the system analysis transition to system design. the acquisition of an information system is achieved in different ways as a company has the option of developing the system itself, purchasing/ outsourcing from the application service providers, get the system from the web hosted software options. The selection of an appropriate system development strategy is an important task that any firm/ organization have to consider. The common considers factors include the impact of software on the Internet, the available software outsourcing options, and the in-house development alternatives.

Outsourcing

This has been a practice of transferring the information system practices to the outside firm, the third party to provide the services on the behalf of the company.

In-House Software development options

A company has the option of choosing whether to develop the system from scratch or purchase the application. The choice of make or buy is based on a concrete decision by the project application development team. At the time, the software vendors can provide a customized package that the company can redesign to suit its specification. In-house development technique has been highly adopted by the fact that the company will have the intention of satisfying the unique business requirements with the aim of minimizing changes in the overall business process procedures and policies. Subsequently, this meets the constraints outlined within the existing systems and technology.

The Software Acquisition Process

There is a certified and standardized software acquisition process that enables the landing to the desirable software (Westfall, 2009). This process is undertaken in the following steps;

Step 1: Evaluation of the information system requirements

This is a very concrete step that the system analyst will get involved. The tasks include the identification of the system key features without any consideration of development technique. An analysis of the network and the web related challenges are well considered with the estimation of the volume and the future growth of the system. The hardware, software and user constraints are specified after which the analyst will prepare a Request for Proposal.

Step 2: Identification of Potential software vendors

The providers of the software service are outsourced and identified from which a list is generated. The internet is the potential place to get the potential vendors. In this case, a consulting firm can be integrated to aid in the selection of the most desired software within the company.

Step 3: Evaluation of the Alternatives

Upon identifying the alternatives, the evaluation is conducted in respect to some specification of considering the existing users, performing of the application testing, and benchmarking to determine the scalability of the software.

Step 4: Performing of cost-benefit analysis

Step 5: Prepare a recommendation

Step 6: Implementation of the solution

References

Favre, L. (2003). UML and the unified process. Hershey, Pa. [u.a.: IRM.

Westfall, L. (2009). The certified software quality engineer handbook. Milwaukee, Wis: ASQ Quality Press.

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