Thesis on digital twins and azure. Question about sensor data flow to azure

<*** class="md">So I am doing my thesis about Azure Digital Twins. For a certain section I want to investigate the most viable data flow, and I am a bit overwhelmed with all the information since I have no experience with IoT devices. I am doing a Software Engineering study.

Lets say you have a use case where you need multiple, lets say 100 sensors that gather data to use in Azure Digital Twins and you want them to connect wirelessly. What I found is that you can connect the sensors to a WiFi microcontroller to provide the internet connectivity. Would you then directly send the data to the cloud via MQTT or would you need a Raspberry Pi to send the data to first. In that case, would you then also need MQTT to be able to transmit the sensor data from the microcontrollers to the Raspberry Pi? When stored on the Raspberry Pi would you then again need MQTT to send the data to a cloud service?

What is the most realistic option here? I’m sorry if this is all wrong, I am a bit lost haha as this is not exactly my area, but still wanted to investigate this subject as I think it is an important section of my thesis.

Thanks in advance!

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